Almost Hamiltonian Graph
المؤلف:
Punnim, N.; Saenpholphat, V.; and Thaithae, S.
المصدر:
Almost Hamiltonian Cubic Graphs." Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Security 7
الجزء والصفحة:
...
24-2-2022
1951
Almost Hamiltonian Graph
There are several definitions of "almost Hamiltonian" in use.
As defined by Punnim et al. (2007), an almost Hamiltonian graph is a graph on 
nodes having Hamiltonian number 
.
As defined by Sanders (1987), a graph 
with 
vertices is almost Hamiltonian if every subset of 
vertices is contained in a circuit, a definition which is similar to that for a maximally nonhamiltonian graph.
This work adopts the definition of Punnim et al. (2007). The numbers of almost Hamiltonian graphs of this type on 
, 2, ... vertices are 0, 0, 1, 1, 7, 28, 257, 2933, ... (OEIS A185360), the first few of which are illustrated above.
Since a tree has Hamiltonian number 
, an almost Hamiltonian tree satisfies 
, giving 
. Since the 3-path graph 
is the only tree on three nodes, it is also the only almost Hamiltonian tree.
Hypohamiltonian graphs are almost Hamiltonian. Many (or perhaps even all?) snarks are almost Hamiltonian.
Punnim et al. (2007) showed that the generalized Petersen graph 
is almost Hamiltonian iff 
and 
.
Punnim et al. (2007) proved that there exists an almost Hamiltonian cubic graph for every even order 
. The Petersen graph is the unique almost Hamiltonian cubic graph on 10 vertices, and Tietze's graph is the unique almost Hamiltonian cubic graph on 12 vertices (Punnim et al. 2007). Punnim et al. (2007) proved that a cubic nonhamiltonian graph on 
vertices is almost Hamiltonian iff it is 2-connected and contains a cycle of length 
. Examples of 2-connected cubic nonhamiltonian graphs on 
vertices lacking a 
-cycle and therefore not almost Hamiltonian are summarized in the following table.
 |
graph |
| 14 |
14-cubic graph 120 |
| 30 |
triangle-replaced Petersen graph |
| 36 |
36-Zamfirescu graph |
| 50 |
Georges graph |
| 56 |
56-Ellingham-Horton graph
|
REFERENCES
Punnim, N.; Saenpholphat, V.; and Thaithae, S. "Almost Hamiltonian Cubic Graphs." Int. J. Comput. Sci. Netw. Security 7, 83-86, 2007.
Sanders, J. H. "Circuit Preserving Edge Maps II." J. Combin. Th., Ser. B 42, 146-155, 1987.
Sloane, N. J. A. Sequence A185360 in "The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences."
الاكثر قراءة في نظرية البيان
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
