4:9:8 
2024-05-08 
462
The Qur'àn, while affirming the causal relation between a cause and its effect, ascribes every effect to Allàh. The inference is that these normal and usual causes are not independent in creating their effects; the real cause, in the true sense of this word, is only Allàh. Allàh says:
"surely His is the creation and the command." (7:54)
"What is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth is Allàh's." (2:284)
"His is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth." (57:5)
"Say: "All is from Allàh"" (4:78)
There are numerous such verses showing that everything belongs exclusively to Allàh; He may deal with it in any way He likes; no one else can handle it at all except by permission of Allàh; He allows whomsoever He wishes to manage, influence and effect it to a certain extent. But this divine permission, establishing the relation of causality, does not make that cause independent of Allàh; it is just a permission given by the real owner to use his property. The man having this permission cannot transgress the limits imposed by the owner. Allàh says:
"Say: "O Allàh, Master of kingdom! Thou givest the kingdom to whomsoever Thou pleasest and takest away the kingdom from whomsoever Thou pleasest." (3:26)
"Our Lord is He Who gave to everything its creation, then guided it (to its goal)." (2: 50)
"... whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth is His; who is he that can intercede with Him but by His permission?" (2:255)
" ... and He is firmly established on 'Arsh, regulating the affair; there is no intercessor except after His permission." (10: 3)
The causes do have the causality because Allàh has given it to them. They have got it, but are not independent of Allàh. It is this factor that has been described in above verses as "intercession" and "permission". Permission means that there was an impediment which, but for this permission would have hindered the now-authorized agent from interfering in this affair.
In short, every cause has been given the power to create the relevant effects; but he real authority is yet in the hands of Allàh.
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