Monophthongs and diphthongs STRUT (CUT), BATH (GRASS), PALM and START

There is no phonemic distinction in this set, and the vowels are realized as variations of [a]: STRUT as a retracted [a], often extra short; BATH as retracted [a], and sometimes half-long; PALM simply as [a] or half-long [a]; START as retracted [a], and sometimes extra short. In polysyllabic words containing the STRUT vowel, this vowel is often realized as schwa.