Differential Topology

The motivating force of topology, consisting of the study of smooth (differentiable) manifolds. Differential topology deals with nonmetrical notions of manifolds, while differential geometry deals with metrical notions of manifolds.

REFERENCES:

Dieudonné, J. A History of Algebraic and Differential Topology: 1900-1960. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser, 1989.

Munkres, J. R. Elementary Differential Topology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.