

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
South African Republic (Transvaal) and Orange Free State
المؤلف:
Sean Bowerman
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
932-53
2024-05-21
1461
South African Republic (Transvaal) and Orange Free State
Until the 1870s, South Africa (as it is currently known) comprised four major territories: the British-administered and English speaking Cape and Natal colonies, and the independent, Dutch-speaking Voortrekker (or ‘Boer’) republics: the South African Republic/Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
The discovery of gold and diamonds in the Voortrekker republics in the 1870s brought a rush of fortune seekers from all over the world, as well as from the British colonies. This significantly swelled the English-speaking population of the Voortrekker republics, and led to increased contact between the two groups. The ‘mineral revolution’ (Lanham 1982: 327) in southern Africa coincided with the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States, and industrialization began in South Africa. Meanwhile, all four of the (main) settler territories battled continuously with the indigenous peoples for land, and the indigenous peoples were finding themselves overrun as settler populations expanded.
The pursuit of fortune in the mining centres led to social stratification (Lanham 1982: 327), as some were successful and others weren’t. The relatively sophisticated, urbanite Natalians were better-placed, being used to this lifestyle; but the more rural frontiersmen, both English and Dutch-speaking, from the Cape, and the Dutch settlers of the Voortrekker republics found themselves at the lower end of the social strata. Lanham (1982: 328) reports on the fortunate position of the Natalian, whose better education, slightly dubious higher-class status and speech in the colonies could not be faulted by the lower-placed colonials from the Cape (‘whose sensitivities to the fine detail of British behavior had faded’) and others, who had had no contact with Britain and things British.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)