

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Uses, function, and stigmatization of Pidgin in Ghana
المؤلف:
Magnus Huber
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
869-48
2024-05-13
1246
Uses, function, and stigmatization of Pidgin in Ghana
The function of GhP is rather restricted in comparison with other WAPs. For example, in contrast to e.g. Nigeria and Cameroon, Pidgin is rarely used in the media. Ghanaian newspapers are almost exclusively in StGhE or Ghanaian languages and even their cartoons, where (quasi-)Pidgin often features in other West African newspapers, are surprisingly standard-like. A kind of mock pidgin is used in satire in some of the political magazines. In these publications Pidgin is attributed to uneducated speakers, policemen, or soldiers. Films are usually in StGhE. There are a few productions in which uneducated characters use Pidgin, but its use on screen is the exception rather than the rule. Pidgin used to be rarely heard on the radio, although Pidgin commercials seem to have come into fashion in recent times. Again it is uneducated characters who speak GhP. The function of Pidgin here is more to amuse and to create an authentic atmosphere than to reach a wider public.
Pidgin in Ghana is more stigmatized and less widespread in terms of area and number of speakers than it is in other anglophone West African countries. Especially among the educated section of Ghanaian society (but this is also true for less educated Ghanaians) Pidgin is still frowned upon as a mark of illiteracy and unpolished manners. GhP does, however, enjoy covert prestige: it is one of the preferred codes that a growing number of educated adult males use in an urban, informal, and unmonitored setting: in ‘drinking spots’, discos, among friends, etc. But in formal and traditional situations Pidgin is felt to be inadequate, rude, or disrespectful and a Ghanaian language or Standard English is preferred.
As new generations of scholars enter teaching positions at the universities, it is only a matter of time before Pidgin English will be heard in informal conversations between university lecturers. This is because unlike their senior and linguistically more conservative colleagues, young male Ghanaian lecturers did speak Pidgin at the time they were students.
The considerable stigmatization of GhP in some sections of Ghanaian society contributes to the widespread conviction that there is no true Ghanaian Pidgin and the belief that Pidgin is not a home-grown phenomenon but was introduced from other West African countries, especially Liberia and Nigeria.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
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