

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Chicano English: phonology Conclusion
المؤلف:
Otto Santa Ana and Robert Bayley
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
432-25
2024-04-03
1362
Chicano English: phonology Conclusion
ChcE is a native variety of English that has been influenced by the Mexican Spanish substrate. We have indicated that the distinguishing features of ChcE are associated with the substrate, or the ELL interlanguage of Mexican Spanish-speaking immigrants. We believe its features originated as second language learning features that Euro-Americans made salient in the English/Spanish contact setting. The Chicano community somehow reworked some of these markers of stigma into the most distinctive elements of ChcE phonology, creating a set of linguistic variables and discourse markers (most of which still have yet to be documented) that affirm ethnic solidarity.
Further empirical dialect contact research in these communities can develop both linguistic and sociolinguistic understandings of dynamic language and dialect contact settings. Well-crafted research has the potential to develop a richer understanding of the complex interaction of the full complement of prosodic, syntactic, and phonological variables that express nuanced Chicana and Chicano identities. In the sociological sphere, it can render precise the human processes by which ethnic communities reformulate linguistic features of out-group markers of stigma into in-group solidarity features.
Chicano communities show no sign of giving up these largely unconscious markers of identity, family, and neighborhood — even when Chicano youth shift from Spanish to English. This reveals a lasting sense of belonging to their community and culture, and a keen awareness of their circumstances in U.S. society. As Fought and Mendoza-Denton bring to light, Chicanos and Chicanas use the ChcE linguistic variables in their daily life to express a counterhegemonic stance toward a nation that still does not fully embrace all of its citizens.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)