

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

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To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

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Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

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Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

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Assessment
Vowel shifts
المؤلف:
Jan Tillery and Guy Bailey
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
333-18
2024-03-25
1143
Vowel shifts
Like glide shortening, the vowel changes collectively known as the “Southern Shift” all either emerged during the last quarter of the 19th century or began to expand rapidly during that time. Although there is some debate about what exactly comprises the Southern Shift, the following processes have been included as part of it at one time or another:
(1) the fronting of the vowels in the GOOSE class to
and in the FOOT class to
,
(2) the fronting of the nucleus in the MOUTH class to [æo ~ εo],
(3) the fronting or fronting and lowering of the vowels in the GOAT class to
,
(4) the lowering and retraction of vowels in the FACE class to
, and
(5) in parts of the South, the lowering and retraction of the vowels in the FLEECE class to
.
By the middle of the 20th century these developments had become defining characteristics of the SAmE vowel system in most areas of the South. Since World War II, the fronting of back vowels and of the nucleus of the diphthong in the MOUTH class has continued in urban SAmE, even surpassing the fronting in non-urban varieties, and has expanded to include the vowels in the STRUT class sometimes, which can be realized as [з] . The lowering and retraction of the front vowels, however, is receding in the largest metropolitan areas. For many urban Southerners born after 1970, the vowels in the FACE and FLEECE classes are as high as or higher than the vowels in the DRESS and KIT classes, and the tense member of the pair is often further to the front as well.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)