London:

The utterance is produced with a pitch high in the speaker’s range. It is quiet and fast, until it gets to the word ‘cook’. On the word ‘cook’, there is a fall in pitch, and then the pitch remains low to the end of the question. In the fast talk that precedes the stressed word ‘cook’, there are a number of unusual sounds. The first one is [s9]. The diacritic [9] marks that the articulation is closer than close approximation: that is to say, the tongue tip is raised quickly, so that friction starts abruptly. This articulation is similar to that of the Irish ‘slit-t’ we looked at earlier, but has a sharper, more [s]-like quality; you could think of it as a ‘fast [t]’, which in some sense it is.

The sound transcribed  at the start of the word ‘gonna’ is made with voicing + friction + velarity. It is achieved in the same way that  is: that is, the tongue body is raised towards the velum, as if to make a velar closure,  , but it fails to make a complete closure and instead generates a short period of friction,  . As with  , the speed with which the articulation is made and its short duration both contribute to the perception of these sounds as [t] and   respectively.

Here is another example from English spoken in the north west of England (around Manchester), although this pattern is common in other varieties of English too (Kelly 1967). In clusters of the shape [-sPs], where P stands for a voiceless plosive [p t k], complete closure is not made; what happens is that two articulators approximate each other, producing a short period of friction. In the case of labials and dorsals, the friction is concurrent with alveolar friction. In the case of coronals, there is a slight change in the quality of the friction as the tongue is raised:

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

المجمَع العلمي وفرقة العباس يقيمان مجلس عزاء بذكرى شهادة الإمام الهادي (عليه السلام) في كربلاء

جامعة الكفيل تقيم مجلس عزاء لإحياء ذكرى شهادة الإمام الهادي (عليه السلام)

قسم الشؤون الطبية: قدّمنا الرعاية الطبية لأكثر من 4 آلاف زائر خلال ذكرى شهادة الإمام علي الهادي (عليه السلام)

المواكب العزائية تحيي ذكرى شهادة الإمام علي الهادي (عليه السلام) في كربلاء

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

كنز غذائي على طبقك.. ماذا تفعل السبانخ بجسمك؟

ما لا يتوقعه أحد.. "سر غذائي" في الجبن الدسم

لتحسين الهضم والنوم.. هذا أفضل وقت لتناول العشاء

10 طرق بسيطة وغير مألوفة لحرق المزيد من السعرات يوميا

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

سابقة بعالم الطيران.. طائرة تقرر الهبوط بنفسها بعد ظرف طارئ

"الإنفلونزا الخارقة" تكتسح دول العالم.. وتثير قلقا كبيرا

مرحلة ما قبل الأعراض.. دواء جديد يستهدف "شرارة" الزهايمر

إزالة ثاني أكسيد الكربون من الغلاف الجوي.. ما دور المحيطات والبحار؟

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Phonetic Transcription

Phonetics

Word sharing and dialects: Dialects generally borrow from dialects

Dialects—Where Do You Draw the Line?

The standard

Koinés

Externally motivated change

Chain shifts

Changes to make life easier

Systemic changes

Weakening of intervocalic unvoiced stops

Simplification of consonant clusters