Although approximation is the most common articulation type, rhotics can be produced in a variety of other ways.

In South African English, alveolar approximants occur, and are usually clear; but other articulations are found too, such as alveolar fricatives. These are not like [z], because the tongue shape is not right to produce the narrow channel needed for this. The friction is generated with the tongue tip at the alveolar ridge, and the articulation is the same as that for [ɹ] except that there is close instead of open approximation. There is no specific symbol for this sound, but one can be composed from the symbol [ɹ] with the diacritic , which stands for a closer articulation, giving .

Another common variant of [r] in South Africa is a tap, [ɾ]. Taps are produced with a short movement of the tongue tip towards the alveolar ridge which makes a closure of short duration. Taps are therefore not approximants, but stops. Taps occur in very conservative varieties of RP especially between vowels, and can be commonly heard in old British films. Nowadays, taps for rhotics most commonly occur in Anglo-English only after [θ], where they tend also to be voiceless, as in ‘three’, . Taps are also common realizations of [r] in Liverpool (England) and Scotland. They may be voiced or voiceless, and when voiceless they often have a lot of friction accompanying them. The voiceless taps seem to come utterance finally or next to a voiceless consonant, as in ‘winter time’ and ‘shirt’, which can both have the cluster . Taps are also variants of [t] and [d] and are discussed in more detail.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

قسم صناعة الشبابيك يشرع بإدامة شباكين قديمين لمرقد الإمامين العسكريين (عليهما السلام)

فرقة العباس (عليه السلام) تختتم خدماتها المقدمة للزائرين في سامراء

موكب العتبتين المقدستين يحيي ذكرى استشهاد الإمام الهادي (عليه السلام) في سامراء

العتبة العسكرية المقدسة تكرّم وفد العتبة العباسية المقدسة لمشاركته في تقديم الخدمات للزائرين

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

كنز غذائي على طبقك.. ماذا تفعل السبانخ بجسمك؟

ما لا يتوقعه أحد.. "سر غذائي" في الجبن الدسم

لتحسين الهضم والنوم.. هذا أفضل وقت لتناول العشاء

10 طرق بسيطة وغير مألوفة لحرق المزيد من السعرات يوميا

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

سابقة بعالم الطيران.. طائرة تقرر الهبوط بنفسها بعد ظرف طارئ

"الإنفلونزا الخارقة" تكتسح دول العالم.. وتثير قلقا كبيرا

مرحلة ما قبل الأعراض.. دواء جديد يستهدف "شرارة" الزهايمر

إزالة ثاني أكسيد الكربون من الغلاف الجوي.. ما دور المحيطات والبحار؟

المزيد