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Date: 23-3-2017
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Date: 30-4-2019
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When a covalent bond is present between two atoms, the covalent radius can be determined. When two atoms of the same element are covalently bonded, the radius of each atom will be half the distance between the two nuclei because they equally attract the electrons. The distance between two nuclei will give the diameter of an atom, but you want the radius which is half the diameter.
Covalent radii will increase in the same pattern as atomic radii. The reason for this trend is that the bigger the radii, the further the distance between the two nuclei. See explanation for Zeff for more details.
The covalent radius depicted below in Figure 1 will be the same for both atoms because they are of the same element as shown by X.
Figure 1: Covalent radii
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