Vector-borne Transmission Zika virus was maintained in Africa in sylvatic cycle between non-human primate and mosquito Aedes africanus with a cyclic epizootic in monkeys. In places where there is no non-human primates are present, the virus is maintained through man–mosquito–man cycle. In Asia, sylvatic cycle does not exist and virus maintenance occurs trough transmission between man–mosquito–man.

The virus was first detected in Aedes africanus mosquito in Africa. Subsequently it has been isolated from various other species, such as Aedes polynesiensis, Aedes luteocephalus, Aedes vittatus, Aedes apicoargenteus, Aedes furcifer, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. Vector competency has been experimentally proved in A. aegypti. In Yap state, A. henselii was the primary vector.

Non-Vector-borne Transmission

 Mother to Fetus Transmission

Transmission of Zika virus from infected mother to fetus can be transplacental, perinatal or through breast milk.

Perinatal transmission has been reported in other flaviviruses such as dengue virus and West Nile virus. In two cases, perinatal transmission of Zika virus has been reported where Zika virus RNA was detected in serum of mother and infants and mother’s milk.

Transplacental transmission was first noted during the outbreak in Brazil when babies of infected pregnant women were born with severe malformation. This was confirmed by the detection of Zika virus RNA in amniotic fluid, blood and brain tissues of the neonates born with severe microcephaly and died soon after birth.

Zika virus particle has been demonstrated in the breast milk but transmission through breast milk has not yet been documented.

Sexual Transmission

 Zika virus RNA has been detected in semen of patients during acute and convalescent phase of illness. Several cases of sexual transmission have been reported in various outbreaks.

Blood Transfusion

 During the French Polynesia outbreak, 3% of the donor’s blood was found to be positive for Zika virus RNA. Transmission through blood transfusion is not yet documented. However, considering the epidemiology of other flaviviruses and asymptomatic infection in a large number of individuals, the possibility of transmission through blood transfusion remains for Zika virus. Figure 1 depicts the various modes of transmission of Zika virus.

Fig1. Transmission of Zika virus

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

الهيأة العليا وجمعية العميد تعقدان اجتماعا لمناقشة آليات التعاون العلمي المشترك

لتقديم الدعم النفسي والمعنوي قسم الشؤون الطبية يزور أطفال مرضى السرطان في مستشفى الإمام الحسن (عليه السلام)

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يهدي إصداراته الحديثة إلى مكاتب المراجع وعدد من المؤسسات في بابل

عبر مركز الكفيل للصحة والسلامة.. قسم الشؤون الطبية يستأنف ورش الإسعافات الأوّلية للمنتسبين

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

سرّ بسيط لصحة القلب.. أطعمة تخفض الكوليسترول خلال أسابيع

سبب خفي لإعتام عدسة العين ؟

عوامل خفية تسرّع شيخوخة الدماغ

أسباب الرغبة الشديدة في تناول الحلويات والأطعمة النشوية

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

كندا تصنع كاسحة جليد من جيل جديد

رواد "أرتيميس 2" يكشفون تفاصيل حياتهم في الفضاء

حفريات صينية تكشف كائنات بحرية عاشت قبل 546 مليون عام

روسيا تطلق صاروخ "سويوز-2.1 إيه" من قاعدة بليسيتسك الفضائية

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

HIV Infections in Humans: Laboratory Diagnosis

HIV Infections in Humans :Clinical Findings

HIV Infections in Humans : Pathogenesis and Pathology

Animal Lentivirus Systems

Classification of Lentiviruses

Viral DNA Is Integrated into the Host-Cell Genome in Some Nonlytic Viral Growth Cycles

Lytic Viral Growth Cycles Lead to Death of Host Cells

Viral Capsids Are Regular Arrays of One or a Few Types of Protein

Structure and Composition of Lentiviruses

HERPESVIRUSES

POLYOMAVIRUSES

Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses