Clinical Features of Mumps Virus
المؤلف:
Baijayantimala Mishra
المصدر:
Textbook of Medical Virology
الجزء والصفحة:
2nd Edition , p190-191
2025-10-26
52
The incubation period ranges from 12 to 24 days. Nearly one-third of infected persons remain asymptomatic. Amongst the symptomatic patients, enlargement of parotid gland is the most common manifestation and seen in around 95% of cases. The disease starts with prodromal symptoms that include fever, anorexia, and malaise. Specific symptoms are evident from earache and tenderness. Swelling of parotid gland is visible within 2–3 days. To start with, the swelling is unilateral which becomes bilateral within 1–2 days in majority of the cases. Involvement of other salivary glands may occur, however, usually occur with parotitis.
Extra-salivary Manifestations
Meningitis: Involvement of CNS is the most common extra-salivary manifestation. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis is seen in near 50% of mumps cases. Clinical manifestation of meningitis occurs only in 1–10% of parotitis cases whereas only half of mumps meningitis cases have parotitis. Mumps meningitis presents with the typical features of viral meningitis like headache, fever and nuchal rigidity. CSF shows pleocytosis which is usually <500 lymphocytes/mL with slightly decreased sugar and normal protein level.
Encephalitis: Encephalitis due to mumps virus infection has been reported in around 1 in 6000 mumps cases. The onset of encephalitis has been observed to occur in two patterns: (i) Occurrence along with parotitis, and (ii) 7 10 days after development of parotitis. The former is thought to be due to the direct viral infection whereas the latter is due to post infection demylination process thought to be host immune response mediated.
Orchitis: Orchitis has been reported in 10–20% of postpubertal men. The symptoms are acute onset with fever, pain, swelling and tenderness. In majority of cases, it is associated with epididymitis. Bilateral testicular involvement occurs in around 20% of cases. Unilateral orchitis is not associated with infertility. Patients with bilateral orchitis may have hypofertility and sterility is rare.
Other manifestations like pancreatitis, oophoritis, myocarditis, nephritis, thyroiditis, prostatitis, etc. have also been associated due to mumps virus infection.
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