5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
المؤلف:
Kathleen Deska Pagana, Timothy J. Pagana, Theresa Noel Pagana.
المصدر:
Mosbys diagnostic and laboratory test reference
الجزء والصفحة:
15th edition , p531-533
2025-06-10
593
Type of test Urine (24-hour)
Normal findings
2-8 mg/24 hr or 10-40 μmol/day (SI units)
Female levels lower than male levels
Test explanation and related physiology
Quantitative analysis of urine levels of 5-HIAA is used to detect and follow the clinical course of patients with carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid tumors are serotonin-secreting tumors that may grow in the appendix, intestine, lung, or any tissue derived from the neuroectoderm. These tumors contain argentaffin staining (enteroendocrine) cells, which produce serotonin and other powerful neurohormones that are metabolized by the liver to 5-HIAA and excreted in the urine. These powerful neurohormones are responsible for the clinical presentation of carcinoid syndrome (bronchospasm, flushing, diarrhea).
Interfering factors
• Foods as listed below in Procedure and patient care
* Drugs that may cause increased 5-HIAA levels include acetaminophen, acetanilid, acetophenetidin, glyceryl guaiacolate, methocarbamol, and reserpine.
* Drugs that may cause decreased levels include aspirin, chlorpromazine, ethyl alcohol, heparin, imipramine, isoniazid, levodopa, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, methenamine, methyldopa, phenothiazines, promethazine, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Procedure and patient care
• See inside front cover for Routine Urine Testing for 24-hour collection.
* Instruct the patient to refrain from eating foods containing serotonin (e.g., plums, pineapples, bananas, eggplant) for several days before and during testing.
• Keep the specimen on ice or in a refrigerator during the 24-hour collection. A preservative is needed.
Abnormal findings
Increased levels
- Carcinoid tumors
- Noncarcinoid illness
- Cystic fibrosis
- Intestinal malabsorption
Decreased levels
- Mental depression
- Migraine headaches
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