

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Primary-B types
المؤلف:
R.M.W. Dixon
المصدر:
A Semantic approach to English grammar
الجزء والصفحة:
350-10
2023-04-15
1285
Primary-B types
. ATTENTION type. Many have Agent-nom’s, including observer, demonstrator, discoverer, witness, student, investigator, watcher, listener. There are a fair number of Activity-nom’s, such as observation, perception, notice. The few Unit-nom’s include demonstration and appearance, while discovery doubles as Object-nom and Unit-nom.
. THINKING type. There are just a few Agent-nom’s (thinker, brooder, dreamer) but many Activity-Nom’s (consideration, imagination, reflection, realization) and also a scattering of Object-nom’s, such as suspect, knowledge, assumption, supposition. Some nominalizations can function as Object-nom and Unit-nom (thought, dream), while others can be Result-nom and Unit-nom (solution, belief).
. DECIDING type. All can, potentially, form Agent-nom’s although only some are in common use, including planner, selector. (Decider generally has a quite different sense, referring to the final match in a sporting context where each side has won an equal number of the lead-up games.) There are a number of Unit-nom’s—decision, selection, election, appointment.
. SPEAKING type. Agent-nom’s are largely concentrated in subtypes SPEAKING-a/b/c (speaker, communicator, discussant, narrator) although we also find claimant, braggart, informer (and informant), lecturer, and nominator, among others. There are many Unit-nom’s, including speech, argument, quarrel, chat, joke, talk, narration, utterance, and some which can also double as Object-nom—assertion, suggestion, offer. Some SPEAKING verbs have a Result-nom, as in His joke was published, Her offer was refused. For some, a Result-nom can also function as Unit-nom—declaration, proclamation. And some form an Activity-nom; one can talk of fierce quarrelling, extravagant boasting, loud applauding.
. LIKING and ANNOYING types. All verbs from these types form a State-nom— liking, preference, amusement, distraction, and so on. There are also ‘unit’ type State-nom’s—hate, love, like. Agent-nom’s only exist when some physical action is involved—worshipper, entertainer. And there is the Object-nom favorite.
. ACTING type. We find some Agent-nom’s (actor, imitator), many Unit-nom’s (action, behavior) and some which can be Result-nom and Unit-nom (imitation).
. HAPPENING type. There are Agent-nom’s for some of the transitive members— organizer, arranger—and for some intransitive verbs even though there is no volition involved—undergoer and experiencer. A number of the verbs form Unit-nom’s, including happening, while arrangement and change function as both Unit-nom and Result-nom.
. COMPARING and RELATING types. Some of these verbs form Property-nom’s, resemblance, inclusion, dependence, and so on. There are just a few Agent-nom’s, often for specialized occupations, such as weigher and timer.
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