Primary-A types

. MOTION type. Agent-nom’s are available for most verbs; exceptions being the non-volitionals in MOTION-g (fall, capsize, etc.) and verbs denoting an activity which is scarcely likely to be habitual (approach, cross, pass). There are a few Inst-nom’s—garments associated with MOTION-a verbs (swimmers) and vehicles associated with MOTION-c (transporter, cart).

 

Many verbs have both Unit-nom (run, throw) and Activity-nom (running, throwing). Some have just a Unit-nom (arrival) and some just an Activity-nom (carrying). There are scarcely any Result-nom’s or Object-nom’s (spray and burden are two). There are Locus-nom’s based on some verbs in MOTION-b and MOTION-d.

 

. REST type. Agent-nom’s are largely confined to REST-b (resident, settler), REST-c (arranger, installer) and REST-e (handler, catcher). There are just a few Inst-nom’s, including kneeler, planter, opener and closer.

 

There are a fair number of Unit-nom’s, across all subtypes—attendance, desertion, grab, and so on—but rather few Activity-nom’s—opening, closing (and one often sees signs saying The dumping of rubbish is prohibited). Verbs in REST-c form Result-nom’s which also function as Unit-nom’s (arrangement, installation), and there is plant, an Object-nom. Locus-nom’s are formed from verbs in REST-b/c/d/e.

 

. AFFECT type. Virtually all verbs may form Agent-nom’s (killer, pruner, roofer, destroyer) and many also have an Inst-nom (polisher, freezer, (nut) cracker). There is a set of Inst-nom’s with the same form as the verb. For plaster, grease, roof, veil and butter, the noun is older, having been later extended to function as a verb (but for paint and cover the verb is older).

 

Many AFFECT verbs have a Unit-nom (cut, pinch) and a good many have an Activity-nom (cutting, pinching). Many also have a Result-nom (slice, mark, break, wreckage) or a Result-nom which is also a Unit-nom (extension). There are also some forms which double as Object-nom and as Unit-nom (try) or as Object-nom and Activity-nom (building).

 

. GIVING type. Many have an Agent-nom (donor, lender, receiver, owner); I know of just one Inst-nom ( feeder). There are many nominalizations which function both as Object-nom and Unit-nom (payment, possession, contribution, delivery) and some as Result-nom and Unit-nom (loss). Servery, a place where food or drink is served, is an unusual Locus-nom.

 

. CORPOREAL type. Virtually all verbs have (or could have) an Agent-nom (for example, smoker, drunkard, murderer), and there are a few Inst-nom’s (sleeper, diner). A number of verbs have a nominalization which functions as Object-nom and as Unit-nom (drink, smell, laugh), while others just have an Object-nom (spittle). Some couple Result-nom with Unit-nom (vomit, growth, cure, wound). And there are many Activity-nom’s (sucking, comforting).

 

. WEATHER type. Generally, Activity-nom’s involve the addition of -storm (for example, thunderstorm, hailstorm). There are Result-nom’s snow and rain; for example, It snowed all yesterday and now the snow is thick on the ground.

 

. COMPETITION type. All verbs describe an activity which can be habitual and all form an Agent-nom (even lose, which in normal circumstances is not volitional). Some also have Unit-nom’s (race, fight, win, loss, competition).

 

. SOCIAL CONTRACT type. There are some Agent-nom’s (employer, prosecutor, applicant) and a handful of Object-nom’s (employee, convert), together with many Unit-nom’s (appointment, employment, dismissal).

 

. USING type. All refer to volitional actions, which can be performed habitually, and almost all form Agent-nom’s (for example, user, operator). There are also some Activity-nom’s, such as manipulation, operation, use.

 

. OBEYING type. There are some Agent-nom’s (executor, processor, performer) and also some Unit-nom’s (refusal, performance, processing).

الاكثر قراءة في Semantics

Semantic features

Hierarchies of hyponyms

Hyponymy

Primary and Secondary verbs

Antonymy

Types associated with the Adjective class

Hyponymy and the has-relation

Lexical relations

Polysemy

Adverbs with manner but not sentential function

Situation types

Agent and theme

Semantic roles

Adjective types and derived adverbs

Words and clitics

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

قسم الشؤون الطبية يقدم الخدمات الصحية والعلاجية لزائري مدينة سامراء

العتبة العباسية المقدسة تقدم خدماتها لزائري مرقد الإمامين العسكريين (عليهما السلام) في سامراء

المجمَع العلمي ووفد وزارة التربية يبحثان سبل التعاون المشترك

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر العدد 192 من مجلة الرياحين للأطفال

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

كنز غذائي على طبقك.. ماذا تفعل السبانخ بجسمك؟

ما لا يتوقعه أحد.. "سر غذائي" في الجبن الدسم

لتحسين الهضم والنوم.. هذا أفضل وقت لتناول العشاء

10 طرق بسيطة وغير مألوفة لحرق المزيد من السعرات يوميا

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

سابقة بعالم الطيران.. طائرة تقرر الهبوط بنفسها بعد ظرف طارئ

"الإنفلونزا الخارقة" تكتسح دول العالم.. وتثير قلقا كبيرا

مرحلة ما قبل الأعراض.. دواء جديد يستهدف "شرارة" الزهايمر

إزالة ثاني أكسيد الكربون من الغلاف الجوي.. ما دور المحيطات والبحار؟

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Semantic roles and Grammatical Relations Conclusion

Arguments and semantic roles

Semantic roles and Grammatical Relations

Constituency

Identifying meaningful elements Summary

Identifying meaningful elements within words

Identifying meaningful elements Identifying word meanings

Consequences of modifying Gunlogsons 2001 model

A case study of the semantics of clear - Factivity revisited

A case study of the semantics of clear - The analysis

A case study of the semantics of clear - Vagueness

Adjective/adverb semantics and verb semantics