

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Possession of a nominalization: summary
المؤلف:
R.M.W. Dixon
المصدر:
A Semantic approach to English grammar
الجزء والصفحة:
337-10
2023-04-12
1388
Possession of a nominalization: summary
We have seen that all but two of the nine varieties of deverbal nominalization take part in a possessive construction—marked by ’s or a possessive pronoun—with an argument of the underlying verb. A possessive relation is also lacking for Locus-nom’s of type (iii).
That is, we have:
. Unit-nom’s and Activity-nom’s. Possessor can be in S, A or O relation, if these arguments satisfy the conditions for use of ’s,. Examples are at (4), (6) and (7).
. State-nom’s. The Experiencer role can be possessor—this is the underlying A argument for a LIKING verb (for example, Mary’s fear of the dark) and the underlying O argument for an ANNOYING verb (John’s surprise at the news).
. Property-nom’s. If underlying S or A argument has an appropriate referent, it can be a possessor; for example, [John’s exact measurement of the artefact] was appreciated.
. Object-nom’s. If the referent of the A argument is human (or animate), singular and specific then it may be a possessor—Santa Claus’ gifts, the missionary’s converts.
. Locus-nom’s. For type (i) the underlying S argument can be possessor (my residence). For type (ii) it is just possible to have the underlying O as possessor (the church’s entrance).
. Agent-nom. The O of the underlying verb can be possessor, if it has an appropriate referent—our leader, Goliath’s opponent, (I am) mother’s washer upper.
Type (e) of possession involves ‘something typically associated with the possessor’. This covers my general (said by a soldier), my men (said by a general), my doctor (said by a patient) and my patients (said by a doctor). That is, we have:

If John employs Bill, then John is Bill’s employer and Bill is John’s employee.
This shows the intertwining of strands within the grammar. A grammar is not like a machine with wheels and pulleys and shuttles; neither is it like a building with bricks and doors and roof. The aptest metaphor is of a tree with branches and leaves, threaded through by vines and ferns which compete for movement and light. Indeed, a grammar—an inalienable attribute of a community of humans—is a living organism, constantly shifting and adapting.
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