4:55:14 
2024-09-12 
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Whereas hope involves future-oriented thinking, mindfulness is rooted in the here and now of the present tense. The NCSU researchers found that hope's forward-looking nature can fortify someone's motivation to move toward a goal (agency) while simultaneously thinking of fresh ways to achieve future goals (pathways).
"Because hope is inherently forward-looking, while mindfulness is about appreciating your current circumstances, we wanted to see how each of these two mindsets influenced people's well-being and professional attitudes during difficult times," senior author Thomas Zagenczyk explained.
The researchers posit that hopefulness, more so than mindfulness, enables people going through dire times to break the cycle of despair because hope involves actively engaging the control phase of metacognition.
Unlike optimism, hopefulness constructs involve "thinking about one's thinking" (metacognition). Taking a metacognitive approach to getting "unstuck" can help hopeful individuals living through tough times stay focused on attaining goals and finding the best pathway or ladder they can use to climb out of a hopeless hellhole.
On the flip side, because mindfulness is more about passive acceptance and nonjudgmental awareness, it can backfire by inhibiting agency and subconsciously dissuading MBI practitioners from actively imagining escape hatches out of a dark place, which can keep someone stuck in a bad situation.
"There's a lot of discussion about the benefits of mindfulness, but it poses two challenges when you're going through periods of stress," according to Zagenczyk. "First, it's hard to be mindful when you're experiencing stress. Second, if it's a truly difficult time, you don't necessarily want to dwell too much on the experience you're going through."
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