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2023-08-10 
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Scientists continue to peel back new layers of life on our planet like a seemingly endless onion.
Recently, aquanauts aboard a ship from the Schmidt Institute of Oceans used an underwater robot to flip slabs of volcanic crust in the dark depths of the Pacific Ocean. Beneath the sea floor at this well-studied site, the international team of researchers found veins of subterranean fluids swimming in a life never seen before.
“On Earth, we have known for a long time that there are animals that live in underground cavities, and in the vicinity of animals that live in sand and mud, but for the first time, scientists have searched for animals under hydrothermal vents. This is a really remarkable discovery,” says the institute’s executive director, Jyotika Virmani. A new ecosystem, hidden beneath another ecosystem, provides new evidence of life in fantastic places."
Scientists only discovered hydrothermal vents, in which mineral-rich fluids flow in the depths of the ocean, in the 1970s. Despite the darkness of these depths, these chimney-like smoky vents teemed with life.
However, in the past 46 years of research, no one has thought of gazing under ocean hot springs.
Stripping back the crust of the sea floor revealed a colorful ecosystem of chemically engineered worms, snails and bacteria that depend not on sunlight but minerals for energy.
"Our understanding of animal life in deep-sea hydrothermal vents has greatly expanded with this discovery," says ecologist Monika Bright of the University of Vienna. "There is a dynamic vent habitat. Both above and below the surface animals reproduce in unison, depending on vent fluid from below and oxygen." in sea water from above.
And the scientists found that tube worms are particularly fascinating. These deep-sea creatures appear to travel under the seafloor via volcanic fluids to colonize new habitats.
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